Problem

The East Rennell World Heritage Site (ERWHS) on Rennell Island, part of the Solomon Islands, harbours exceptional biodiversity, with the highest levels of species that are only found there among Pacific islands outside of Papua New Guinea. However, island ecosystems are particularly prone to invasive alien species (IAS). ERWHS’s ecosystem and the livelihoods of its 900 residents are severely threatened by Black Rats, a type of IAS  associated with damage to staple crops like coconut and taro. BirdLife International’s 2018 study shows that Black Rats have spread across the island, while other invasive species like the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle and non-native plants have also appeared, impacting food security, biodiversity, and native vegetation.

Response

The link between invasive species and climate change is well-documented, with evidence showing that the eradication and management of these species help to restore biodiversity and protect ecosystem services, therefore helping to maintain well-preserved and well-functioning carbon sinks. And at the same time, this also improves local livelihoods by providing better access to food and natural resources. However, these challenges are compounded by limited livelihood options, lack of a formal Protected Area status, and insufficient capacity for ecological monitoring and IAS management, all of which increase the likelihood of logging and other unsustainable resource uses. 

Kiwa Initiative, a multi-donor program focusing on nature-based solutions in the Pacific Islands, works together with BirdLife International to enhance the resilience of ERWHS’s ecosystems and local communities. By seeking to build strong local governance, strengthen ecological and biosecurity capacities, and diversify livelihoods, the project aims to actively reduce reliance on climate-sensitive resources. Governance is improved through locally tailored frameworks, financial management, and grant access, all co-developed with a local association - Lake Tegano World Heritage Site Association (LTWHSA), community leaders, and regional partners. To ensure sustainability, local communities are engaged through hands-on training on invasive species control. 

This collaborative approach leverages regional expertise, establishing a network for peer learning and capacity building among Pacific Island nations to effectively address IAS and climate change impacts on community resilience.

Find out more: Kiwa Initiative